A mid-latitude ozone model for the US standard atmosphere, 1975 (summary)

A mid-latitude, Northern-Hemisphere model of the daytime ozone distribution in the troposphere, stratosphere, and lower mesosphere was constructed. Data from rocket soundings in the latitude range 45 deg N + or - 15 deg, results of balloon soundings at altitudes from 41 to 47 deg N, and latitude gradients from satellite ozone observations were combined to produce estimates of the annual mean ozone concentration and its variability at heights to 72 km for an effective latitude of 45 deg N. The model is a revision, for heights above 26 km, of the tentative Mid-Latitude Ozone Model

Aerosol scattering of ultraviolet sunlight in the tropical maritime atmosphere

The effects of atmospheric aerosol scattering on the vertical profile of solar ultraviolet radiation are investigated. Measurements of diffuse and total ultraviolet radiation were made using a rocketborne optical sonde in the marine atmosphere of Antigua. During observations, the sun was at zenith. Vertical profiles of directly transmitted solar radiation were calculated by subtraction of the diffuse component from the total radiance. Using these values of direct downward solar UV-flux, the optical thickness of the atmosphere was derived as a function of altitude. Absorption by ozone was also considered. In the troposphere the values of observed optical thickness were in general equal to or lower than those expected theoretically from Rayleigh scattering alone. The measured radiation profiles were compared with those computed for a multiple scattering model atmosphere. Some computations regarding the interaction of UV-sunlight with maritime aerosols are presented

Planting the Seeds for Public Health: How the Farm Bill Can Help Farmers to Produce and Distribute Healthy Foods

Analyzes provisions in the 2008 Farm Bill that impede farmers' production and strategic marketing of fruits and vegetables. Recommends policy changes to remove such barriers, improve consumer access to healthy foods, and help prevent childhood obesity

Benchmark assessment of automated delamination propagation capabilities in finite element codes for static loading

With the increasing implementation into commercial finite element (FE) codes of capabilities for simulating delamination propagation in composite materials, the need for benchmarking and assessing these capabilities is critical. In this study, the capabilities of the commercial FE code Marc (TM) 2008r1 with implementation of the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) was assessed. Benchmark delamination propagation results for several specimen configurations were generated using a numerical approach. Specimens were analyzed with three-dimensional and two-dimensional models, and compared with previous analyses using Abaqus (R) with the VCCT implemented. The results demonstrated that the VCCT implementation in Marc (TM) was capable of accurately replicating the benchmark delamination growth results. The analyses in Marc (TM) were significantly more computationally efficient than previous analyses in Abaqus (R). This was due to a lack of convergence issues, and a solution process that maintained the use of large time increments. The results demonstrated the advantages of numerical over experimental and analytical benchmarks, particularly with regards to comparison of capabilities a cross codes. More broadly, the results illustrated key similarities and differences between two commercial FE codes implementing the same analysis technique, which reinforces the need for rigorous benchmarking and assessment

Assessment and diagnosis of Developmental Language Disorder: The experiences of speech and language therapists

© The Author(s) 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).Background: For many years research and practice have noted the impact of the heterogeneous nature of Developmental Language Disorder (also known as language impairment or specific language impairment) on diagnosis and assessment. Recent research suggests the disorder is not restricted to the language domain and against this background, the challenge for the practitioner is to provide accurate assessment and effective therapy. The language practitioner aims to support the child and their carers to achieve the best outcomes. However, little is known about the experiences of the language practitioner in the assessment process, in contrast to other childhood disorders, yet their expertise is central in the assessment and diagnosis of children with language disorder. Aims: This study aimed to provide a detailed qualitative description of the experiences of speech and language therapists involved in the assessment and diagnosis of children with Developmental Language Disorder. Methods & Procedures: The qualitative study included three focus groups to provide a credible and rich description of the experiences of speech and language therapists involved in the assessment of Developmental Language Disorder. The speech and language therapists who participated in the study were recruited from three NHS Trusts across the UK and all were directly involved in the assessment and diagnosis procedures. The lengths of practitioner experience ranged from 2 years to 38 years. The data was analysed using a thematic analysis in accordance with the principles set out by Braun & Clarke (2006). Outcomes & Results: The data showed a number of key themes concerning the experiences of speech and language therapists in assessing children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). These themes ranged from the participants’ experiences of the barriers to early referral, challenges for assessment and the concerns over continued future support. Conclusions & Implications: This study provides first-hand evidence from speech and language therapists in the assessment of children with Developmental Language Disorder, drawing together experiences from language practitioners from different regions. The findings provide insight to the barriers to referral, the potential variations in the assessment process, the role of practitioner expertise and the challenges faced them. The importance of early intervention, useful assessment tools and future support were expressed. Taken together, the results relate to some issues to be addressed on a practical level and a continuing need for initiatives to raise awareness of DLD in the public domain.Peer reviewe

Correlations in Bipartite Collaboration Networks

Collaboration networks are studied as an example of growing bipartite networks. These have been previously observed to have structure such as positive correlations between nearest-neighbour degrees. However, a detailed understanding of the origin of this phenomenon and the growth dynamics is lacking. Both of these are analyzed empirically and simulated using various models. A new one is presented, incorporating empirically necessary ingredients such as bipartiteness and sublinear preferential attachment. This, and a recently proposed model of team assembly both agree roughly with some empirical observations and fail in several others.Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures, 2 table, submitted to JSTAT; manuscript reorganized, figures and a table adde

Alfalfa Varieties for South Dakota

Alfalfa varieties for South Dakota discusses varietal selection, persistence, winter hardiness, drought tolerance, disease and insect resistance, and use of alfalfa. Also included are definitions of terminology related to alfalfa crops

Alfalfa Varieties for South Dakota

Alfalfa varieties for South Dakota discusses varietal selection, persistence, winter hardiness, drought tolerance, disease and insect resistance, and use of alfalfa. Also included are definitions of terminology related to alfalfa crops